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Castilian Spanish comes from the ninth century when Basques influenced the speech. As a result, there are Arabic borrowings in the modern language. In 711, Arabic came to Spain, whose latin term was Hispania, via the Moors. was simplified in various ways, including the reduction of cases to just the subject and object. Spanish (Castilian): The Vulgar Latin in Spain from the third century B.C.E.Germanic invaders also had an impact on the language. Galician: The area of Galicia was inhabited by Celts when the Romans conquered the area and made it a Roman province also known as Gallaecia, so the native Celtic language mixed with Vulgar Latin from the second century B.C.E.Over time the language spoken on the west coast of the peninsula came to be Galician-Portuguese, but when Galicia became part of Spain, the two language groups split. Latin was a prestige language, so it was in the interest of the population of the Roman province of Lusitania to learn it. Portuguese: The language of the Romans practically wiped out the earlier language of the Iberian peninsula when the Romans conquered the area in the third century B.C.E.A spoken language based on the written version became standard in Italy in the 19th century. In the 12th to 13th century, the vernacular spoken in Tuscany (formerly the area of the Etruscans) became the standard written language, now known as Italian. The language is also spoken in San Marino as the official language, and in Switzerland, as one of the official languages. Italian: Italian emerged from further simplification of Vulgar Latin in the Italic peninsula.Later influences on Romanian came from Slavic immigrants.

Missionaries also brought Latin to Romania. Men from the Roman Province of Dacia became Roman soldiers who learned the language of their commanders⁠-Latin⁠-and brought it home with them when they settled in Dacia upon retirement. The Romans fought the Dacians during the reigns of Trajan who defeated their king, Decebalus. At the time of the Romans, the Dacians may have spoken a Thracian language. (Moldova-)Romania is the only country in the Eastern European area that speaks a Romance language. Romanian: One of the changes to Vulgar Latin made in Romania was that an unstressed "o" became "'u," so you may see Rumania (the country) and Rumanian (the language), instead of Romania and Romanian.